of Semnan Province
Some researchers consider this state to be the current Gilan, but it is certain that Verne or Verne consists of the southern plates of Alborz and Khar north of Semnan, Damghan, Khar, Damavand, Firouzkoh, Shahmirzad, Lasgerd, Deh Namak, Ahvan. , Ghoshe, Vimeh and the mountainous parts of Mazandaran. is.
During the time of the Median dynasty, the entire modern province of Semnan was a part of the great Median empire.
During the Achaemenid period and after the conquest of Asia Minor by Cyrus the Great, the Achaemenid army advanced towards the eastern regions of Iran and reached near the Sihun River. acquired. It has been written that he ruled the Parthian state, which includes Kumesh (roughly the present-day Semnan province) and Khorasan. in addition to "Sistan" (Zarang) and "Khwarazm", he added to the scope of his rule.
After Cyrus, Kamboja became king and according to Cyrus's will, the government of Khwarazm, Parth and Karmania (Kerman) was assigned to Berdia. During this period, Semnan like Pali, three states "Raga" (Re), "Khorasan" and "Astrabad" It connected (Gorgan) together.
After the attack of Alexander the Great and the rule of the Seleucids, the Seleucid rulers gave many powers to the Persians for the satisfaction of the Iranians and their non-rebellion. Parti rulers also built sixty cities in Kumesh state to satisfy the people, which can be called "Apama". (now Lasjard) and "Hekatem-polis" (Saddarwazeh or present-day Damghan) pointed out.
During the Parthian period, Kumesh was one of the eighteen Parthian states and was called "Kamisan". and "Qomis" It was known.
During the Sasanian period, Semnan has always been a place of conflict for power due to its location in the center of traffic between the north and the south as well as the east and the west. During this period and especially after Islam, Semnan was the center of central government bases in this area.
Many of the remaining buildings in this city belong to the Ghaznavid period and the time of Sultan Masoud of Ghaznavi and after that, among which we can mention the minaret of Jame Mosque in Semnan and the mausoleum of Pir Alamdar.
During the time of the Ismailis, Semnan was one of their important centers in such a way that about 150 castles such as the Saro Castle were at the disposal of the Ismailis.
During the Zandian period and the time of Karim Khan Zand, the districts of Semnan, Damghan, Shahroud, Sorkheh and Bastam were given to the Qajar nobles. It was for this reason that the birth place of many Qajar kings and elders is Semnan. This caused Semnan, the attention of many Qajar princes, to flee; Especially during the time of Fath Ali Shah, whose birthplace was Semnan. Shah Feth Ali chose his three brothers from Semnan to govern Semnan, but the oppression they inflicted on the people of Semnan eventually caused the people to rise up under the leadership of elders and thinkers and join the ranks of the constitutionalists.
Historical background of the name Semnan
In the distant past, there was a huge city with a big idol house with a lofty and magnificent building at the site of the great fire temple of Haris in Kumesh (Semnan). For this reason, it is likely that the people of this land, before the appearance of Zoroaster, had the “Samti” religion. or “Sameena” and their big hut was located in the current place of Semnan. Some others believe that Semnan is originally “Seknan” It is related to the clans of coins, and its alphabet and nun are signs of proportion and place, which are used in the words Gilan and … It can be seen. Some other people of Semnan believe that the old name of Semnan was (Sim Lam) which was built by two sons of Prophet Noah named (Sim al-Nabi) and (Lam al-Nabi) whose tombs are in the north-eastern mountains. Semnan is located in a place known as Prophets. Based on this, the word (Sim Lam) has become Semnan over time due to its many uses. Some have also attributed the legend of the first building to two thousand years before Christ by the order of Tehmurth Deoband. At that time, the city was named Semina, which was changed to Semnan over time. Another tradition indicates that the old name of Semnan in the local language is “Semah Nan” and its residents meant that the agricultural products of this area do not provide bread and food for the residents for more than three months. Later, over time, “Three Months of Bread” It has been changed to Semnan. Anyway, as it can be deduced from historical sources and books, Semnan is one of the old and ancient regions of Iran, which has gone through many ups and downs throughout history.
Peoples based in Semnan province
The peoples based in Semnan province can be divided into two categories. The first group are indigenous peoples who came to this land from the distant past and before Islam and settled in it, such as Sangsari, Paruri, and Aftri tribes and examples of this kind. The second category is the groups that came to this region from the time of Karim Khan Zand. Elikai, Asanlu, Hadavand, Arab Drazi and Kati clans and clans are among these groups. The most important nomadic groups in Semnan province are: Sangsari clan, Aftri clan, Parori clan, Arabi clan, Basri clan in Semnan, ElikAye, Asanlu, Hedavand, Sarhangi Arab, Darazi Arab in Garmsar city, Khawar Turan nomads, Tarood nomads, Pol Abrisham nomads, Grabeli and Gonili nomads in Shahroud city, Chardeh, Kalate and Badle nomads in the north of Damghan and Rasom nomads in the south of Damghan. /p>
Language in Semnan Province
Because the people of Semnan province speak different dialects, this province is known as the island of dialects. The official language of the people of Semnan province is Dari (Pahlavi) Persian, like all Iranians, but in terms of the extent and evolution of geographical, historical and cultural factors, it has a multitude and variety of special dialects and dialects. The Semnani dialect is related to the Median and Parthian languages. The Semnani dialect and the surrounding dialects are divided into 5 categories, which are Semnani, Sangsari, Shahmirzadi, Lasjardi, and Sorkha, among which the Semnani dialect is the oldest and the knowledge of the principles and rules as well as the preparation of simple instructions And its complete, accurate and correct syntax is very difficult. Semnani dialect is one of the group of western Iranian languages that was popular in the northwestern part of Iran in ancient times and is still common among the people of Semnan city. Due to its historical background, special grammatical rules and impenetrability, this dialect has long been the focus of attention of some researchers and linguists. This dialect is so different from other Iranian dialects that it is possible to understand all Iranian dialects such as Mazandarani, Yazdi, Esfahani, etc. without prior education and knowledge, but when the people of Semnan speak their language, absolutely Since the pronunciation of words is different in each neighborhood of Semnan city, therefore, the pronunciation of the residents of Sisfan neighborhood of Semnan, based on the ancient history of that neighborhood, is the basis of the transcription of terms and proverbs among researchers. that the differences in the pronunciation of the words are caused by the phonetic differences between the neighborhoods. In Shahroud, the native natives speak the Shahroudi dialect in addition to the Persian language. Other dialects of Shahrood city are related to migrant human groups. Azeri immigrants and Turks in Kalposh region and Abar village speak Turkish. The Baluchs of the Kalpoosh region and the Kurds of the Pol Abrisham region also speak Balochi, Kurdish, and Bojnordi dialects, but they are fully familiar with the Persian language. The immigrant Arabs of Khuzestan and Iraqi immigrant Kurds also use their mother tongue in the family gathering. Those Arab immigrants who moved to the region in the previous centuries speak only Persian today. Therefore, in each of the regions, the people speak the Persian language in their own local dialect. Based on this, the dialects of the people of places such as Kalate Khaij, Mojn, Bastam, Miami, Farumd, Tarood, Biyarajmand, Khwartoran, etc., can be easily recognized. The language of the people of Damghan is also a type of the original Persian language. which is connected with the Khorasani dialect. This dialect is not spoken the same in all areas of this city. In the northern areas of Damghan city (except for the city of Dibaj), due to its proximity to Mazandaran province with a slight difference, people speak Mazandarani dialect. The southern villages on the edge of the desert (except the village of Koh Zar) were influenced by the central regions of Iran, and many of the words of those regions can be seen in their speech. The language of the eastern villages of Damghan is close to the Shahroudi dialect. The common local language and dialect among the Garmsaris is the Razi dialect, which, with a slight difference, is also spoken by the residents of the areas around Tehran, Ray, Shemiran and Varamin, but the residents of the cities and villages Alborz mountain areas speak with a mixed dialect of Razi and Mazandarani dialects. Other local languages of Garmsar city include Turkish spoken by the Asanlu and Pazhuk peoples. The Asanlu language is similar to Zanjani Turkish and the language of the Pazuki peoples is similar to Azerbaijani Turkish. The Elikai peoples also speak their own local language. The Sangsari language is also a member of the language branch of Northwestern Iran, which is itself a branch of Indo-Iranian languages. Dr. Moin believes that the dialect of Sangsari is closely related to the dialect of Lasjardi. The people of this region also speak Persian well, but among themselves they prefer to speak with Sangsari accent. The accent of the people of Derzeen is more similar to Sangsari language. In the northern areas of Mahdi city, areas such as Shahmirzad and the villages of this part (Folad Mahalle, Chashem, etc.), due to the proximity to Mazandaran province, they speak the Mazandarani dialect with a slight change.
Religion and religion in Semnan province
Study of historical documents and documents of Dermy Let's find that the residents of Qoms, like other Iranians, were followers of Zoroastrian religion before the spread of Islam. and they have been steadfast in preserving it as a religion inherited from their ancestors. After the conquest of the city of Ray by the Muslims in the years 20 to 25 AH (apparently the most reliable date is the year 22 AH), the Muslims left for the northeast of the country and on their way to the land of Qumesh (Qums), which includes a large area with the same name. And the cities of Semnan, Damghan and Bastam are among its famous settlements. He went, they arrived. Belazari reports the conquest of Rey and Qoms in the reign of Umar, and Tabari mentions the year 22 of the lunar Hijri as the year of the conquest of Damghan and according to some narrations, the year 30 Hijri (the time of Uthman's caliphate), the time when Qoms was captured by Abdullah bin Amer Kariz.At present, the vast majority of the population of Semnan province are Muslim and followers of Twelver Shia religion. Also, there is a small percentage of religious minorities such as Zoroastrians and Christians in Semnan province. Some Iraqis who were expelled from their country before the victory of the Islamic revolution and settled in Shahrood city, belong to Shafi'i religion. percentage of religions in the province: almost all the people of this province are Muslims and followers of the Shiite religion